Toshiba laptop disassembly

Disassemble, repair and upgrade Toshiba laptop yourself. Step by step instructions. Great work!
 
http://www.irisvista.com/tech/

Stage3D Blogs and References

http://www.saltgames.com/
http://blog.onebyonedesign.com
http://flashdaily.net/tagged/stage3d

Stage3D Shader Cheatsheet

A quick reference for working with AGAL, the new shader language for use with Stage3D introduced with Flash Player 11.


Registers:
Each register consists of four components, which are floating point values. These components are accessed by registerName.x, registerName.y, registerName.z, registerName.w. They’re named for dealing with 3D positions – with the ‘w’ for rotation in the style of quaternions – but they can just as well be used to hold a colour (in fact you can also access the components with .r .g. b. a) or any other values you want to use.
There are several registers of each type available. For instance you might have va0 giving the 3D position of a vertex in space, and va1 giving the uv mapping coordinate for that vertex. The nice thing about having registers made up of components is you can do things like perform a basic addition operation va0 and vc0, and the addition will be performed correctly on each component.


Registers for Vertex Shaders

• va[0 to 7] Vertex Attribute. The contents of the vertex buffer, as set with context3D.setVertexBufferAt. Each vertex has its own space in the vertex buffer which only it can access.
• vc[0 to 127] Vertex Constant. Passed into the shader with context3D.setProgramConstantsFromVector or context3D.setProgramConstantsFromMatrix. These registers can be read by all vertices, but cannot be written to by the shader.
• vt[0 to 7] Vertex Temporary. A handy temporary register where you can put values during a calculation.
• op Vertex Output or “Output Position”. The output: op.x and op.y is where in the 2D space of the screen this vertex will be drawn. The op.z value is used for depth checking and writing to the depth buffer if you have those enabled. So far as I know the op.w value is not actually used.

• v[0 to 7] Varying. A magical (not actually magical) register that allows you to pass values from the vertex shader to the fragment shader. The value that arrives in the fragment shader will be interpolated between the value of the three v registers of the vertices which make up the triangle in which the fragment falls.
  Note!  The fragment shader cannot directly access the vertex buffer, so anything it needs from there has to be passed through the v registers. For instance if you’re using texture mapping this register will need to pass the uv coordinates to the fragment shader.

Registers for Fragment Shaders

• fc[0 to 27] Fragment Constant. Much like vc for the vertex shader, this register is set by context.setProgramConstantsFromVector or context.setProgramConstantsFromMatrix, can be read by each fragment, and not written to by the shader.
• ft[0 to 7] Fragment Temporary. Again just like vt for the vertex shader, this is a temporary store useful for performing calculations.
• fs[0 to 7] Texture Sampler. This is where the fragment shader is able to access whatever texture(s) were bound using context3D.setTextureAt.
• oc Fragment Output or “Output Colour”. The output: oc.x oc.y oc.z oc.w are the red, green, blue and alpha values respectively for the fragment to be drawn.

Operations:
Shaders are made up of a series of operations, with one operation on each line. First the operation to perform is identified by a three letter opcode such as “add”, then the parameters for that operation are given. The parameters are (almost) always specified as registers. If you want to use a number in your shader, it should be supplied through the vc or fc registers.

In the parameters the target register is always specified first. The target register is where the result of the operation is placed. No change is made to a register other than the target register. Some operations require two further parameters, others just one. The tex operation used for texture sampling is a special case that has six parameters, three of which are given as strings rather than registers. tex is a pretty wild guy.

At first look the mess of opcodes and registers names that make up the AGAL code for a shader can look intimidating but they’re actually quite simple. Just remember that each operation does exactly one thing, and writes to exactly one register. AGAL doesn’t allow for conditional statements like if then or any form of looping, so following along with what a shader is doing is extremely easy: it always just proceeds to the next operation.

With that said, AGAL code is not nearly as intuitive to glance at and understand what it does as (well written) AS3 code is. Taking a minute to type out some comments for the AGAL code you write is a very good idea.

You are limited to 200 operations in a single AGAL shader.

Operations available to shaders:

• mov t a - Copy the contents of a into t.
• add t a b - Add a and b, put result in t.
• sub t a b – Subtract b from a, put result in t.
• mul t a b – Multiple a and b, put result in t.
  When working component-wise this operation doesn’t always do as I’d expect. Specifically performing the operation:
  mul vt0.xy va0.xy vc0.xy
  Gives a different result from performing the two operations:
  mul vt0.x va0.x vc0.x
  mul vt0.y va0.y vc0.y
  Whereas they would give the same result if it were an add operation in both instances instead of mul. I’ve yet to work out exactly what the mul operation does with multiple components.
• div t a b – Divide a by b, put result in t.
  The same behaviour as outlined above for the mul operation applies to div too.
• rcp t a – Divide 1 by a, put result in t.
• min t a b – Copy whichever of a or b is smaller into t.
• max t a b – Copy whichever of a or b is larger into t.
• frc t a – Copy just the fractional part of a into t.
  e.g. if a has the value 5.86 then 0.86 is placed in t.
• sqt t a - Find the square root of a, put result in t.
• rsq t a – Find 1 divided by the square root of a, put result in t.
• pow t a b – Raise a to the power of b, put result in t.
• log t a – Find the binary logarithm of a, put result in t.
• exp t a – Raise 2 to the power of a, put result in t.
• nrm t a – Normalise the vector given in a (keep same direction, but make it length 1), put result in t.
• sin t a – Find the sine of a, put result in t.
• cos t a – Find the cosine of a, put result in t.
• crs t a b – Find the cross product of the vectors a and b, put result in t.
• dp3 t a b – Find the dot product of the three-dimensional vectors a and b, put result in t.
• dp4 t a b – Find the dot product of the four-dimensional vectors a and b, put result in t.
• abs t a – Find the absolute value of a, put result in t.
• neg t a – Multiply a by -1, put result in t.
• sat t a – Clamp a between 1 and 0, put result in t.
  e.g. if a is -4.6, 0 will be placed in t.
  If a is 0.6, 0.6 will be placed in t.
  If a is 8.2, 1 will be placed in t.
• m33 t a b – Perform a 3×3 matrix multiply on a and b, put result in t.
• m44 t a b – Perform a 4×4 matrix multiply on a and b, put result in t.
• m34 t a b – Perform a 3×4 matrix multiply on a and b, put result in t.
• m43 t a b – Perform a 4×3 matrix multiply on a and b, put result in t.
  I need to write a decent explanation of what matrix operations do.
  In all of these, b is the first register that makes up a matrix. For instance if you perform m44 with b as vc0 then the contents of registers vc0 vc1 vc2 vc3 will be used. a is a single register that gets multiplied through by the matrix specified in b.
• sge t a b - If a is greater or equal to b put 1 in t, otherwise put 0 in t.
• slt t a b – If a is less than b put 1 in t, otherwise put 0 in t.
  sge and slt are the closest we have to conditional flow control in AGAL so look out for ways to use multiplication of their 1 or 0 result in place of traditional conditionals.

Operations only available to fragment shaders:

• kil a - a must be a single scalar value rather than a vector, for instance: ft0.x. If the value given is less than zero then execution on this fragment is halted and it is not drawn.
  
• tex t a b  - Samples the texture in b (which should be one of the fs registers) at the coordinates in a, putting the resulting colour in t.
• type determines what kind of texture you’re sampling from, and should be either: “2d” for standard texturing or “cube” for using a cubemap.
• wrap determines how to deal with sampling beyond the bounds of the texture, either: “clamp” or “repeat”.
• filter determines how to interpolate between texels, either “mipnearest”, “miplinear” (both of those require mipmaps to have been uploaded for the texture), “nearest”, or “linear”. Use nearest if you want your texture to have crisp pixel edges, use linear if you want them smoothed out.

Reference:  http://www.saltgames.com/2011/stage-3d-shader-cheatsheet/

Github CHEAT

Setup
-----

git clone 
  clone the repository specified by ; this is similar to "checkout" in
  some other version control systems such as Subversion and CVS

Add colors to your ~/.gitconfig file:

  [color]
    ui = auto
  [color "branch"]
    current = yellow reverse
    local = yellow
    remote = green
  [color "diff"]
    meta = yellow bold
    frag = magenta bold
    old = red bold
    new = green bold
  [color "status"]
    added = yellow
    changed = green
    untracked = cyan

Highlight whitespace in diffs

  [color]
    ui = true
  [color "diff"]
    whitespace = red reverse
  [core]
    whitespace=fix,-indent-with-non-tab,trailing-space,cr-at-eol

Add aliases to your ~/.gitconfig file:

  [alias]
    st = status
    ci = commit
    br = branch
    co = checkout
    df = diff
    dc = diff --cached
    lg = log -p
    lol = log --graph --decorate --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
    lola = log --graph --decorate --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --all
    ls = ls-files

    # Show files ignored by git:
    ign = ls-files -o -i --exclude-standard


Configuration
-------------

git config -e [--global]
  edit the .git/config [or ~/.gitconfig] file in your $EDITOR

git config --global user.name 'John Doe'
git config --global user.email johndoe@example.com
  sets your name and email for commit messages

git config branch.autosetupmerge true
  tells git-branch and git-checkout to setup new branches so that git-pull(1)
  will appropriately merge from that remote branch.  Recommended.  Without this,
  you will have to add --track to your branch command or manually merge remote
  tracking branches with "fetch" and then "merge".

git config core.autocrlf true
  This setting tells git to convert the newlines to the system's standard
  when checking out files, and to LF newlines when committing in

git config --list
  To view all options

git config apply.whitespace nowarn
  To ignore whitespace

You can add "--global" after "git config" to any of these commands to make it
apply to all git repos (writes to ~/.gitconfig).


Info
----
git reflog
  Use this to recover from *major* mess ups! It's basically a log of the
  last few actions and you might have luck and find old commits that
  have been lost by doing a complex merge.

git diff
  show a diff of the changes made since your last commit
  to diff one file: "git diff -- "
  to show a diff between staging area and HEAD: `git diff --cached`

git status
  show files added to the staging area, files with changes, and untracked files

git log
  show recent commits, most recent on top. Useful options:
  --color       with color
  --graph       with an ASCII-art commit graph on the left
  --decorate    with branch and tag names on appropriate commits
  --stat        with stats (files changed, insertions, and deletions)
  -p            with full diffs
  --author=foo  only by a certain author
  --after="MMM DD YYYY" ex. ("Jun 20 2008") only commits after a certain date
  --before="MMM DD YYYY" only commits that occur before a certain date
  --merge       only the commits involved in the current merge conflicts

git log ..
  show commits between the specified range. Useful for seeing changes from
  remotes:
  git log HEAD..origin/master # after git remote update

git show 
  show the changeset (diff) of a commit specified by , which can be any
  SHA1 commit ID, branch name, or tag (shows the last commit (HEAD) by default)

  also to show the contents of a file at a specific revision, use 
     git show :
  this is similar to cat-file but much simpler syntax.

git show --name-only 
  show only the names of the files that changed, no diff information.

git blame 
  show who authored each line in 

git blame  
  show who authored each line in  as of  (allows blame to go back in
  time)

git gui blame
  really nice GUI interface to git blame

git whatchanged 
  show only the commits which affected  listing the most recent first
  E.g. view all changes made to a file on a branch:
    git whatchanged    | grep commit | \
         colrm 1 7 | xargs -I % git show % 
  this could be combined with git remote show  to find all changes on
  all branches to a particular file.

git diff  head path/to/fubar
  show the diff between a file on the current branch and potentially another
  branch

git diff --cached []
  shows diff for staged (git-add'ed) files (which includes uncommitted git
  cherry-pick'ed files)

git ls-files
  list all files in the index and under version control.

git ls-remote  [HEAD]
  show the current version on the remote repo. This can be used to check whether
  a local is required by comparing the local head revision.

Adding / Deleting
-----------------

git add   ...
  add , , etc... to the project

git add 
  add all files under directory  to the project, including subdirectories

git add .
  add all files under the current directory to the project
  *WARNING*: including untracked files.

git rm   ...
  remove , , etc... from the project

git rm $(git ls-files --deleted)
  remove all deleted files from the project

git rm --cached   ...
  commits absence of , , etc... from the project

Ignoring
---------

Option 1:

Edit $GIT_DIR/.git/info/exclude. See Environment Variables below for explanation
on $GIT_DIR.

Option 2:

Add a file .gitignore to the root of your project. This file will be checked in.

Either way you need to add patterns to exclude to these files.

Staging
-------

git add   ...
git stage   ...
  add changes in ,  ... to the staging area (to be included in
  the next commit

git add -p
git stage --patch
  interactively walk through the current changes (hunks) in the working
  tree, and decide which changes to add to the staging area.

git add -i
git stage --interactive
  interactively add files/changes to the staging area. For a simpler
  mode (no menu), try `git add --patch` (above)

Unstaging
---------

git reset HEAD   ...
  remove the specified files from the next commit


Committing
----------

git commit   ... [-m ]
  commit , , etc..., optionally using commit message ,
  otherwise opening your editor to let you type a commit message

git commit -a
  commit all files changed since your last commit
  (does not include new (untracked) files)

git commit -v
  commit verbosely, i.e. includes the diff of the contents being committed in
  the commit message screen

git commit --amend
  edit the commit message of the most recent commit

git commit --amend   ...
  redo previous commit, including changes made to , , etc...


Branching
---------

git branch
  list all local branches

git branch -r
  list all remote branches

git branch -a
  list all local and remote branches

git branch 
  create a new branch named , referencing the same point in history as
  the current branch

git branch  
  create a new branch named , referencing , which may be
  specified any way you like, including using a branch name or a tag name

git push  :refs/heads/
  create a new remote branch named , referencing  on the
  remote. Repo is the name of the remote.
  Example: git push origin origin:refs/heads/branch-1
  Example: git push origin origin/branch-1:refs/heads/branch-2
  Example: git push origin branch-1 ## shortcut

git branch --track  
  create a tracking branch. Will push/pull changes to/from another repository.
  Example: git branch --track experimental origin/experimental

git branch --set-upstream   (As of Git 1.7.0)
  Make an existing branch track a remote branch
  Example: git branch --set-upstream foo origin/foo

git branch -d 
  delete the branch ; if the branch you are deleting points to a
  commit which is not reachable from the current branch, this command
  will fail with a warning.

git branch -r -d 
  delete a remote-tracking branch.
  Example: git branch -r -d wycats/master

git branch -D 
  even if the branch points to a commit not reachable from the current branch,
  you may know that that commit is still reachable from some other branch or
  tag. In that case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete the
  branch.

git checkout 
  make the current branch , updating the working directory to reflect
  the version referenced by 

git checkout -b  
  create a new branch  referencing , and check it out.

git push  :
  removes a branch from a remote repository.
  Example: git push origin :old_branch_to_be_deleted

git co  
  Checkout a file from another branch and add it to this branch. File
  will still need to be added to the git branch, but it's present.
  Eg. git co remote_at_origin__tick702_antifraud_blocking
  ..../...nt_elements_for_iframe_blocked_page.rb

git show  -- 
  Eg. git show remote_tick702 -- path/to/fubar.txt
  show the contents of a file that was created on another branch and that
  does not exist on the current branch.

git show :
  Show the contents of a file at the specific revision. Note: path has to be
  absolute within the repo.

Merging
-------

git merge 
  merge branch  into the current branch; this command is idempotent
  and can be run as many times as needed to keep the current branch
  up-to-date with changes in 

git merge  --no-commit
  merge branch  into the current branch, but do not autocommit the
  result; allows you to make further tweaks

git merge  -s ours
  merge branch  into the current branch, but drops any changes in
  , using the current tree as the new tree


Cherry-Picking
--------------

git cherry-pick [--edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-x] 
  selectively merge a single commit from another local branch
  Example: git cherry-pick 7300a6130d9447e18a931e898b64eefedea19544

git hash-object 
  get the blob of some file whether it is in a repository or not

Find the commit in the repository that contains the file blob:

    obj_blob="$1"
    git log --pretty=format:'%T %h %s' \
    | while read tree commit subject ; do
        if git ls-tree -r $tree | grep -q "$obj_blob" ; then
            echo $commit "$subject"
        fi
    done


Squashing
---------
WARNING: "git rebase" changes history. Be careful. Google it.

git rebase --interactive HEAD~10
  (then change all but the first "pick" to "squash")
  squash the last 10 commits into one big commit


Conflicts
---------

git mergetool
  work through conflicted files by opening them in your mergetool (opendiff,
  kdiff3, etc.) and choosing left/right chunks. The merged result is staged for
  commit.

For binary files or if mergetool won't do, resolve the conflict(s) manually
and then do:

  git add  [ ...]

Once all conflicts are resolved and staged, commit the pending merge with:

  git commit


Sharing
-------

git fetch 
  update the remote-tracking branches for  (defaults to "origin").
  Does not initiate a merge into the current branch (see "git pull" below).

git pull
  fetch changes from the server, and merge them into the current branch.
  Note: .git/config must have a [branch "some_name"] section for the current
  branch, to know which remote-tracking branch to merge into the current
  branch.  Git 1.5.3 and above adds this automatically.

git push
  update the server with your commits across all branches that are *COMMON*
  between your local copy and the server.  Local branches that were never
  pushed to the server in the first place are not shared.

git push origin 
  update the server with your commits made to  since your last push.
  This is always *required* for new branches that you wish to share. After
  the first explicit push, "git push" by itself is sufficient.

git push origin :refs/heads/
  E.g. git push origin twitter-experiment:refs/heads/twitter-experiment
  Which, in fact, is the same as git push origin  but a little
  more obvious what is happening.

Reverting
---------

git revert 
  reverse commit specified by  and commit the result.  This does *not* do
  the same thing as similarly named commands in other VCS's such as "svn
  revert" or "bzr revert", see below

git checkout 
  re-checkout , overwriting any local changes

git checkout .
  re-checkout all files, overwriting any local changes.  This is most similar
  to "svn revert" if you're used to Subversion commands


Fix mistakes / Undo
-------------------

git reset --hard
  abandon everything since your last commit; this command can be DANGEROUS.
  If merging has resulted in conflicts and you'd like to just forget about
  the merge, this command will do that.

git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD or git reset --hard origin/master 
  undo your most recent *successful* merge *and* any changes that occurred
  after.  Useful for forgetting about the merge you just did.  If there are
  conflicts (the merge was not successful), use "git reset --hard" (above)
  instead.

git reset --soft HEAD^
  forgot something in your last commit? That's easy to fix. Undo your last
  commit, but keep the changes in the staging area for editing.

git commit --amend
  redo previous commit, including changes you've staged in the meantime.
  Also used to edit commit message of previous commit.


Plumbing
--------

test  = $(git merge-base  )
  determine if merging sha1-B into sha1-A is achievable as a fast forward;
  non-zero exit status is false.


Stashing
--------

git stash
git stash save 
  save your local modifications to a new stash (so you can for example
  "git svn rebase" or "git pull")

git stash apply
  restore the changes recorded in the stash on top of the current working tree
  state

git stash pop
  restore the changes from the most recent stash, and remove it from the stack
  of stashed changes

git stash list
  list all current stashes

git stash show  -p
  show the contents of a stash - accepts all diff args

git stash drop []
  delete the stash

git stash clear
  delete all current stashes


Remotes
-------

git remote add  
  adds a remote repository to your git config.  Can be then fetched locally.
  Example:
    git remote add coreteam git://github.com/wycats/merb-plugins.git
    git fetch coreteam

git push  :refs/heads/
  delete a branch in a remote repository

git push  :refs/heads/
  create a branch on a remote repository
  Example: git push origin origin:refs/heads/new_feature_name

git push  +:
  replace a  branch with 
  think twice before do this
  Example: git push origin +master:my_branch

git remote prune 
  prune deleted remote-tracking branches from "git branch -r" listing

git remote add -t master -m master origin git://example.com/git.git/
  add a remote and track its master

git remote show 
  show information about the remote server.

git checkout -b  /
  Eg.:
    git checkout -b myfeature origin/myfeature
    git checkout -b myfeature remotes//

  Track a remote branch as a local branch. It seems that
  somtimes an extra 'remotes/' is required, to see the exact
  branch name, 'git branch -a'.

git pull  
git push
  For branches that are remotely tracked (via git push) but
  that complain about non-fast forward commits when doing a
  git push. The pull synchronizes local and remote, and if
  all goes well, the result is pushable.

git fetch 
  Retrieves all branches from the remote repository. After
  this 'git branch --track ...' can be used to track a branch
  from the new remote.

Submodules
----------

git submodule add  
  add the given repository at the given path. The addition will be part of the
  next commit.

git submodule update [--init]
  Update the registered submodules (clone missing submodules, and checkout
  the commit specified by the super-repo). --init is needed the first time.

git submodule foreach 
  Executes the given command within each checked out submodule.

Removing submodules

   1. Delete the relevant line from the .gitmodules file.
   2. Delete the relevant section from .git/config.
   3. Run git rm --cached path_to_submodule (no trailing slash).
   4. Commit and delete the now untracked submodule files.

Updating submodules
  To update a submodule to a new commit:
    1. update submodule:
        cd 
        git pull
    2. commit the new version of submodule:
        cd 
        git commit -m "update submodule version"
    3. check that the submodule has the correct version
        git submodule status
  If the update in the submodule is not committed in the
  main repository, it is lost and doing git submodule
  update will revert to the previous version.

Patches
-------

git format-patch HEAD^
  Generate the last commit as a patch that can be applied on another
  clone (or branch) using 'git am'. Format patch can also generate a
  patch for all commits using 'git format-patch HEAD^ HEAD'
  All page files will be enumerated with a prefix, e.g. 0001 is the
  first patch.

git format-patch ^..
  Generate a patch for a single commit. E.g.
    git format-patch d8efce43099^..d8efce43099
  Revision does not need to be fully specified.

git am 
  Applies the patch file generated by format-patch.

git diff --no-prefix > patchfile
  Generates a patch file that can be applied using patch:
    patch -p0 < patchfile
  Useful for sharing changes without generating a git commit.

Tags
----

git tag -l
  Will list all tags defined in the repository.

git co 
  Will checkout the code for a particular tag. After this you'll
  probably want to do: 'git co -b ' to define
  a branch. Any changes you now make can be committed to that
  branch and later merged.

Archive
-------

git archive master | tar -x -C /somewhere/else
  Will export expanded tree as tar archive at given path

git archive master | bzip2 > source-tree.tar.bz2
  Will export archive as bz2

git archive --format zip --output /full/path master
  Will export as zip

Git Instaweb
------------

git instaweb --httpd=webrick [--start | --stop | --restart]


Environment Variables
---------------------

GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
  Your full name to be recorded in any newly created commits.  Overrides
  user.name in .git/config

GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
  Your email address to be recorded in any newly created commits.  Overrides
  user.email in .git/config

GIT_DIR
  Location of the repository to use (for out of working directory repositories)

GIT_WORKING_TREE
  Location of the Working Directory - use with GIT_DIR to specifiy the working
  directory root
  or to work without being in the working directory at all.

Changing history
----------------

Change author for all commits with given name

  git filter-branch --commit-filter '
          if [ "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME" = "" ];
          then
                  GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="";
                  GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="";
                  GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="";
                  GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="";
                  git commit-tree "$@";
          else
                  git commit-tree "$@";
          fi' HEAD

GITHUB COMMANDS

git status  -  view the status of your files in the working directory and staging area

$ git status -s

git diff -  shows diff of what is staged and what is modified but unstaged

$ git diff

git commit - records a snapshot of the staging area

$ git config

git rm - remove files from the staging area

git log - show commit history of a branch

git push - push your new branches and data to a remote repository

$ git push github master

// git add . (add all files)

// git commit -m "message"

// git push origin master